The conflict in Ukraine, which began in 2014 with Russia’s annexation of Crimea, has deep historical and geopolitical roots. It escalated with an insurgency in Eastern Ukraine led by Russian-backed separatists, causing significant casualties and displacement. Central issues include Ukraine’s national identity and its geopolitical orientation between the EU/NATO and Russia.
Internationally, the response has included sanctions on Russia and military aid to Ukraine. Despite efforts like the Minsk agreements, a lasting resolution remains elusive. The conflict has strained Ukraine’s economy and infrastructure, especially in the Donbas region, creating a humanitarian crisis.
Arms proliferation, including small arms and drones, has exacerbated the violence, complicating arms control and ceasefire monitoring. Efforts by organisations like the OSCE have been challenged by restricted access and ongoing hostilities.
In response, programs like the Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA) have focused on mitigating civilian suffering through mine action and explosive ordnance risk education, establishing operational bases and training teams to address the conflict’s humanitarian impact.
There is a significant risk to civilian security from SALW and explosive weapons from Ukrainian military stockpiles and trophy weapons captured during the conflict.